Both Russia and Ukraine have recently enacted and put into force a Customs Code that requires protection of intellectual property as called for in the WTO TRIPS Agreement. Working with the Ukrainian and Russian Federal Customs Services, CLDP conducted a technical assistance program on the structure of efficient IP border enforcement, risk management (including targeting shipments), making infringement determinations and suspending release of goods, and the operational components of ex officio authority. This program was designed to improve communication mechanisms between Russian and Ukrainian border officials and to explore the possibility of an information sharing agreement.